The efficacy of grapheme-phoneme correspondence instruction in reducing the effect of orthographic forms on second language phonology

Abstract The orthographic forms (spellings) of second language (L2) words and sounds affect the pronunciation awareness L2 sounds, even after lengthy naturalistic exposure. This study investigated whether instruction could reduce effects English on Italian native speakers’ sounds. Italians perceive, produce, judge same sound as a short if it is spelled with one letter long digraph, due to L1 grapheme-phoneme correspondence (GPC) rules whereby double consonant letters represent consonants. Totally, 100 learners were allocated two conditions (final n = 88). participants in explicit GPC (EGPC) condition discovered relating length through reflection, teaching, practice; passive exposure practiced EGPC participants, but no mention GPCs. Pre- postintervention production (delayed word repetition) phonological (rhyme judgment) tasks revealed positive instruction. appears be ineffective reducing phonology. Orthographic may impervious change, by or